In this brief Preface, Dewey presents the broad parameters of the argument in Experience and Education. He states that all social movements come from conflicts and notes the current opposition between traditional and progressive education. However, he says that the point of looking at conflicting approaches is not to argue in favor of one side or the other but to find a deeper grounding for an intelligent theory of education. He is not looking to compromise or pick points from conflicting approaches to education. Instead, he seeks an authentically innovative approach. That task is more difficult than following established ways of managing schools.

Dewey does not intend to defend a particular ideology, not even progressivism. Ideologies define themselves in opposition to other ideologies and are therefore reactive. Instead, Dewey intends to look at the needs, problems, and potential solutions in education.

Dewey notes the human tendency to think in terms of opposites, or either-or prepositions. Educational theory historically contrasted development within learners and external pressures that shape ideas and habits. Dewey explains that schools are based on either traditional or progressive approaches.

Traditional schools pass down established knowledge and moral attitudes to a new generation. Students are receptive and obedient.