Aristotle begins by explaining that his observations have led him to the conclusion that all political states are the results of community with an aim of good. His opening claim speaks to the heart of his philosophy. In Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle asserts that all people live in pursuit of good, which he defines as happiness through virtue. Politics echoes this sentiment. For the philosopher, politics are a means to advance a virtuous life. He views politics as a natural part of being human: Just as man and woman join in the natural act of reproduction, communities come together in the natural act of political government.

This idea corresponds with both the themes The Political Nature of Man and Politics as a Pathway for Good and Happiness. Aristotle outlines a conditional argument that suggests that because humans seek happiness through virtue and political governments are extensions of natural forms, then political governments have a goal of good for all. However, Aristotle’s views are also dependent upon justifying hierarchical structures, including slavery and the subjugation of women—Aristotle’s claims about human nature will therefore exclude parts of the population that traditionally were left out of the political conversation.