The female divers of Jeju Island represent a cultural anomaly. They are assertive, strong women who follow shamanic goddess-centered religious practices, yet they live in a culture dominated by men. Korea is traditionally patriarchal, but the haenyeo have found a way to maintain their independence from male rule. In their communities, the men do the cooking and raise the children. Jeju’s geographic isolation as an island is part of the reason that they are so successful in resisting outside influences.

At the same time that the haenyeo maintain their lifestyle, they have also made a strange sort of accommodation to the patriarchal norms of the country as a whole. For example, only men are allowed to conduct ancestor worship rituals. This is the sole reason that any haenyeo would rejoice at the birth of a son, since daughters are far more valuable as future sources of family income.

Although the haenyeo have managed to create a matrifocal, and to some extent, matriarchal social order on Jeju Island, outside forces begin to exert a pressure that may render the female divers and their way of life extinct. While the haenyeo continue to support shamanistic religion, they must do so in secret.