Content Warning: This novel refers to emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; child neglect; murder; violence; racism; and anti-gay bias.

Cass’s loss of innocence is a learned behavior that begins at home and extends to every adult and institution that continues to fail to protect her. Cass and Sephie cannot feel safe in their own home. Their predatory father is so abusive that when he looks at them, his own daughters feel “like a monster had found [their] hiding spot” (13). An act as simple as fetching a glass of water underscores how the girls are prey in their own home, and even brushing their teeth requires coordination to stave off their dad’s advances.

As a result of being unable to feel safe in her own home, Cass has lost faith in the ability of any institution to protect her. Her father is a predator. Her mom turns a blind eye to her husband’s behavior and enables the abuse of her daughters. At school, boys are free to torment and threaten girls in the dark corners and secret cupboards of the band room. Aunt Jin also presented a source of sanctuary; for years, Cass has found solace in writing to her aunt and begging her to visit.